Fight like a girl

A timeline of women fighting to live, love, vote, and work*

International Women’s Day is a good time to reflect on women’s achievements. Looking back it’s undeniable that women have been able to accomplish many things that were unthinkable 200 years ago. It’s been a long path, but as gender inequality is a still a worrying reality, the fight for more changes continues to influence the 21st-century women’s fight.

19TH CENTURY
1853	Mary Ann Shadd Cary became the first Black women publisher in North America and the first women publisher in Canada when she founded The Provincial Freeman.
1869	Under the Indian Act, Indigenous women would lose their band status when marrying men outside their band or non-Indigenous men. The law was on the books until 1985.
1879	Dr. Emily Stowe, the second woman licensed in Canada to practice medicine after Jennie Trout, was charged and acquitted of performing an abortion.
1882	First major strike of women workers in Canada when around 250 shoemakers in Toronto went on strike against five factories demanding union recognition, a uniform bill of wages, and a wage advance. The strike lasted three weeks.
1884	In Ontario married women get the same legal rights as men, allowing them to buy property and enter legal agreements. Manitoba followed in 1900, but not all women in Canada had these rights until 1964.
20TH CENTURY
1911	First International Women’s Day
	The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City caught fire killing 146, mostly young immigrant women workers.
1916	Women get the right to vote and stand for office in provincial elections in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. In 1917, British Columbia and Ontario follow suit.
1918	Federal Women’s Franchise Act gives all women who are British subjects aged 21 and over the right to vote in federal elections.
1920	Dominion Elections Act excludes British Columbia residents of Chinese, Japanese, and South Asian backgrounds of the right to vote federally.
1921	Agnes Macphail is the first woman elected to parliament.
1940	Quebec is the last province where women get the vote and can stand for provincial office.
1946	Viola Desmond, a Black woman from Nova Scotia is arrested for sitting in the whites-only section of a theatre in New Glasgow. This year, she will be honored on a new $10 bill.
1948	Japanese Canadians are extended the right to vote federally, removing the last statutory limitation on voting for Asian Canadians.
1950	Inuit women and men get the right to vote, but ballot boxes were not brought to communities in the Arctic until 1962.
1960	Inspired by activist Margaret Sanger, endocrinologist Gregory Goodwin Pincus starts working on the birth control pill in 1951. The pill is approved in 1960.
	Indigenous women and men win the right to vote federally without losing their status.
1972	Rosemary Brown is the first Black woman in Canada to win a seat in the provincial legislature. She ran for the NDP in British Columbia.
1985	Bill C-31 amended the Indian Act, to fall in line with gender equality under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
1988	After decades of protest, the Supreme Court of Canada rules anti-abortion laws as unconstitutional, and abortion becomes legal.
1993	Kim Campbell becomes the first, and only, female Prime Minister of Canada.
21ST CENTURY
2000	Millennium Development Goals include a goal to promote gender equality.
2005	Same-sex marriage is legalized in Canada with the passing of the Civil Marriage Act.
2008	UN Security Council recognizes that sexual violence can be categorized as a war crime.
	Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper offered an apology to all former students of residential schools.
	The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada is created.
2009	13 per cent of all Indigenous women aged 15 and older living in the provinces reported that they had been violently victimized.
2013	RCMP report finds that from 1980 to 2012, a total of 1,017 Aboriginal women had been murdered, making up 16 per cent of the total for all women homicides in Canada.
2015	Stats Canada report shows that visible minority women are more educated, yet had a higher unemployment rate and earn less than non-visible minority women.
	Doctors allowed to prescribe abortion pill, mifegymiso but it remains hard to obtain.
	After decades of pressure, the federal government announces an independent national inquiry to address missing and murdered Indigenous women, and girls, including two-spirited, lesbian, bisexual, transgendered and queer folk.
2017	#MeToo and the Time’s Up movements help embolden women to come forward about sexual assault and harassment JAN. 2018 Soulpepper artistic director Albert Schultz accused of harassment of a sexual nature.   MPP Patrick Brown, MP Kent Hehr, and former Nova Scotia PC leader Jamie Baillie are accused of inappropriate behavior and sexual misconduct. Jan. 20, 2018 Millions take the streets around the world for the annual Women’s March. * This article originally appeared in The Dialog newspaper. http://dialognews.ca/2018/03/08/fight-like-a-girl/

Are my sexual behaviours, ‘normal’?

If you ever ask yourself this question, you need to read this*

Don’t be ashamed, believe it or not, everybody has asked the same question at some point. Despite the current openness about sex, discussing sexual behaviors is still considered a private matter for many.

Often lost is what is considered “normal” and what makes a healthy sexual relationship.

Martin Dragan, a trained clinical sexologist with a Ph.D. in human sexuality, said: “there’s no such a thing as normal when it comes to sex.”

The reason is simple, everyone has their preferences regarding sex.

“Our idea of what is normal is so subjective, what’s normal for us is not necessarily normal for someone else depending on culture, or micro-social influences,” said Dragan.

Putting it simply, “the kind of thing that makes you feel good, that’s probably normal,” said Dragan.

Flavia Dos Santos, a psychologist, and specialist on addictive behaviors and clinical sexology agrees.

“We do not have a standard or manual for sexuality,” she said. “We don’t have it because it’s something so open that you cannot define it.”

Dos Santos and Dragan both agree that consent comes first.

“In sexuality, as long as you have two people with the same level of power, who both consent and are having pleasure, they can write their own manual,” said Dos Santos.

But if there’s no such thing as “normal” sex, how do I know I’m in a healthy sexual relationship?

Again the answer is simple, “if it’s weird to you why do you have to do it?” asked Dragan.

The rule, not the exception, must always be to negotiate the type of sex you want and consent to.

“To have a healthy sexuality is to do only things that you really want to do. Things that you really feel are adding something to you, that they are going to be part of you and you have pleasure doing it,” said Dos Santos. “But doing things just to please the other person, or just to comply, or just to hold a boyfriend or a girlfriend is not healthy at all.”

Dos Santos said that you might like doing something, but you have to negotiate with your partners and you can’t force them to do what you like.

“I might be a sadomasochist, and I might find someone that shares the same pleasure that I do, but I have to negotiate the rules with the person,” she said. “But if I fall in love or want to have sex with someone who is not on the same page, I have to negotiate.”

*This article originally appeared at The Dialog newspaper.

http://dialognews.ca/2018/02/08/sexual-behaviours-normal/

Students share study tips

Everyone has their own strategies for studying from study-groups to make sure you are eating and sleeping properly*

Studying can be stressful for any student, and everyone has their own specific learning styles and techniques that help to achieve your goals.

Some George Brown College (GBC) students shared pieces of advice with The Dialog to students in studying crunch time.

Studying a lot does not mean you are doing it well.

“Organize, figure it out all you need to prepare, go step by step and in between, take a lot of breaks, eat a lot and sleep if you can,” says Ankita Dhiman, a fashion business industry student.

“Something you shouldn’t do is pulling all-nighters two or three days before the exam,” said Mayooran Athithan, an architectural technology student. “Rest is important because it helps with the learning process,”

Being part of a study group is an excellent technique that everybody can get, but it only helps if you choose the right people to do it with.

“When studying in groups, make sure you are with other people that are focused and have the same goals in mind, so everybody in the group studies well together and are on the same page,” said Michael Roberts, an electrical techniques student.

Eating and drinking a lot of water, while you are studying, contributes to keeping your body fed and hydrated.

“Always eat because it affects your gastrointestinal system, and drink a lot of water,” said Victor Osawaru, mechanical engineering technology design student.

Look for support and ideas from your friends, classmates, professors, and Peerconnect, the assistance service for GBC students; it will help you to get several learning and study strategies that you can apply on your daily study routines.

Some of Peerconnect’s tips include reading your course outlines, do your required readings, and attending class so you can ask the professor if you don’t understand something.

* This article originally appeared in The Dialog newspaper.

http://dialognews.ca/2018/01/26/students-share-study-tips/ 

Becoming a Canadian

Reporter-editor Carolina Toca on becoming a Canadian citizen*

Oh Canada, I just became one of your citizens. Thank you.

Typically, your editor doesn’t often ask you to write a personal essay of an event in your life. But, it’s not often you become the citizen of an adopted homeland. 

As immigrants, life isn’t always easy at first. The immigration process is much more than getting a permanent residence visa. 

Learning to live in a new language, adapting to new traditions, a new culture, a new climate (the first winter is brutal), finding a job and friends, can be actually the most challenging parts of the whole process. Then there is the Canadian citizenship test.

People hoping to become citizens must first prove they know about Canada’s history, demographics, geography, politics, elections and symbols. The test is just one of the last steps toward citizenship, and it contains 20 multiple-choice questions. You need to get at least 15 questions correct to pass. 

It’s not easiest, but not the hardest. I was able to get a perfect score.

According to the Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration 2017, Canada admitted more than 296,000 new permanent residents in 2016, the highest admissions levels since 2010. Between 2012 and 2016, Canada welcomed almost one million new citizens. The majority of new Canadians came from the Philippines (109,212), India (100,220) and China (73,052).

Soon, we will be more. A new plan by the Ministry of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship will settle nearly one million new immigrants will settle in Canada between 2018 and 2020. 

Under the plan, 310,000 new permanent residents will settle in 2018, increasing to 330,000 in 2019, and 340,000 in 2020.

In the long immigration process, I cannot even imagine the adversity many aspiring Canadians have had to overcome. Packing your life in a suitcase, leaving your homeland, your family is not as simple as it sounds. Yet through all the challenges, we chose to stay. 

Looking back, I want to share why I love living here and being a new Canadian citizen.

Canada is an amazing country in many aspects and now the rest of the world is becoming well aware of that too. In its annual livability ranking report, the Economist Intelligence Unit took a look at 140 cities across the globe, and three Canadian cities, Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver are listed in the top five.

I love being here because I feel Canadians tend to trust, take care and help each other. I think we practice the importance of democracy, of having a voice, and speaking out for others. We may not share the same past, but it feels like we share the same goals for the future.

Canada gave us a future, hope and the ability to choose the life we wanted. I still pinch myself every time I do what I love to do, and I still cannot believe that I am standing here living my dreams. 

All of this is possible because we live in a country that values pluralism and diversity. 

Canada has its challenges too. For a start, we have to reconcile with Indigenous communities here. And we have to be kind, respectful and loving of one another as the cultural demographics of Canada continue to change. 

I believe we can do it.

* This article originally appeared at The Dialog newspaper.

http://dialognews.ca/2018/01/09/becoming-a-canadian/

Tackling sexual violence on George Brown College campuses

Students partnered up with national student movement Our Turn to address sexual violence

Sexual assault, harassment, inappropriate behavior and sexual misconduct are realities in college, and more students are doing something about it.

Along with others, social service worker-student Stephanie Cole partnered with the national student movement, Our Turn, to address sexual violence at George Brown College (GBC).

After doing research, Cole noticed that several universities and colleges across the country have been opening the discussion and she wanted to bring it to GBC.

Ontario legislation requires colleges and universities, “to work with students to adopt campus-wide sexual violence and harassment policies that include training, prevention, complaint procedures and response protocols.”

Cole believes that the current GBC policy and protocol on sexual assault and sexual violence is not inclusive of survivors, nor is it extensive enough to be able to meet all GBC students’ needs.

“Our current policy is not very survivor-focused. We want to make sure that the survivors are getting all the aid and accommodations that they need,” Cole said.

To change GBC, Cole looked for help from Our Turn, which is now devoted to preventing sexual violence at colleges and universities across Canada. The national student group was formed due to what they saw as a lack of consultation on their sexual violence policies at Carleton University.

“Our Turn is a national student union to end campus sexual violence. It was an initiated when we published the national action plan, working with the students’ society at McGill University in October,” said Caitlin Salvino, Our Turn national committee chair.

According to Salvino, the main focus of the campaign with GBC students is to support and help to consolidate the student group, to work on prevention, creating sexual violence directions, provide training and help to develop better policies on the topic. 

“We now work with 26 student unions from eight provinces across the country, representing over 600,000 students. We work with them to give them the tools to respond to these issues on campuses,” said Salvino.

“We are going to work with (GBC students) to go through their policy. Depending on what GBC students would like, what they ask for, we will work with them,” Salvino added.

For Cole, the main purpose of partnering with Our Turn is to raise awareness among the student community about sexual violence, ways to prevent it, and structural policy reforms. 

Several activities, YouTube videos, and posts on social media are part of the actions that are being carried out to encourage the participation of the student community. The group is also planning events that will encourage survivors to meet and share their stories with one another. 

Our Turn also put up posters saying that the college’s sexual violence response team is “non-existent” and that the college’s office that handles complaints has been “sitting empty.”

The GBC staff member who was the sexual response advisor switched jobs on March 2 and is now working with the counseling department. In the interim, students were directed to the intake and operations co-ordinator who would pass along cases to caseworkers at the diversity, equity and human rights office (DEHR). 

“It is very concerning to me to have students say we don’t know where to go,” said Olga Dosis, human rights advisor to the president. “While we’re always trying to figure out better ways to reach our constituents, we’re always open to feedback.”

 
The DEHR office has seen a number of staff turn over in the last school year, with the recent transfer to the counseling department, one staff member retiring, and another moving on to teach at a university. 

Dosis said that the college is in the process of hiring staff to fill the vacant positions.

While the work around sexual violence has not stopped, with other staff picking up the caseload, Dosis said that sometimes they are working out of the office. She said the offices are there to provide a safe space for students to talk with an advisor on their campus.

“We don’t ask our students to travel if they want to lodge a complaint,” Dosis said. “We go to them.” 

Dosis said that the best way for students to contact the college about sexual violence is to go to any of the DEHR offices or to call 416-415-5000 Ext. 3450.

GBC recently ran a sexual violence survey, seeking students’ opinion, in order to improve safety and support on campus. 

“The best way to create awareness among the student community for this kind of topic is to make sure that it is always being talked about,” said Cole. “It’s a sensitive topic but needs to be out there, people need to see it, and by doing that, we can help.”

According to the Canadian Federation of Students, one in every five women will experience sexual violence while studying at a college or university.

* This story originally appeared in The Dialog newspaper

http://dialognews.ca/2018/03/29/tackling-sexual-violence-on-gbc-campuses/